An application for granting a temporary residence and work permit is submitted by a Foreigner for whom performing work is the aim of staying in Poland. A Foreigner attaches annex no. 1 filled out to the application for a residence permit; it indicates their employment terms and conditions. 

A temporary residence and work permit authorizes to reside and work in Poland on the rules specified in it throughout its validity period. A foreigner exempt from the obligation of possessing a work permit (e.g. as a graduate of full-time studies in Poland) receives a decision without employment terms and conditions indicated, if they submit documents confirming this fact in the course of proceedings. A permit is issued for the period of expected employment indicated in the annex,  from 3 months to 3 years.
A foreigner receives a residence card on its basis.

The list of persons that can take up working in Poland and are exempt from the obligation of possessing a work permit is provided at the website:

https://mazowieckie.pl/pl/dla-klienta/cudzoziemcy/zezwolenia-na-prace-dl-1/cudzoziemcy-zwolnieni-z/32662,Cudzoziemcy-zwolnieni-z-obowiazku-posiadania-zezwolenia-na-prace.html